Solution:

Check the hotend insulation cotton.
Clean the filament adhesive thoroughly.
Check for loose connections in the wiring.
Contact the manufacturer for any issues related to the motherboard.

The nozzle and the heated bed of the machine experience temperature fluctuations within a small range, typically around ±3 degrees Celsius, which is considered normal. However, if you notice temperature fluctuations of several degrees or even higher, it is likely due to a hardware problem. For example, if the thermistor is malfunctioning, improper bed leveling during printing can cause the filament to stick to the nozzle without being cleaned properly. This can lead to poor contact between the thermistor and the hotend, resulting in inconsistent temperature readings. Replacing the thermistor can solve this issue. Therefore, it is important to clean any adhesive residue from the nozzle to ensure the machine functions properly.

Over time, insulation cotton may deteriorate due to aging. Various components of the machine undergo an aging process with prolonged use, such as insulation cotton and heating rods. While the insulation cotton may not have a significant effect on a new machine, it becomes more important as it ages. Insulation cotton plays a crucial role in preventing heat loss.

The motherboard can also be a factor in temperature fluctuations. As mentioned earlier, with prolonged use, various components of the machine undergo an aging process, including the motherboard. If all other components are in good condition, you may consider checking the motherboard. If the issue is related to the motherboard, replacing a faulty component on the motherboard should resolve it.

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What to do if the printer's temperature fluctuates greatly during the printing process?